A Valediction Forbidding Mourning Lyric Poem free essay sample

The title of this verse sonnet is ‘ A valediction denying mourning’ composed by John Donne in the principal individual perspective. The speaker is a man and no doubt a holy person who might pass on acts that are indecent. A valediction is a goodbye message. As found in the title, prohibits his significant other from distressing over their division, the writer chooses to introduce reasons why his government office to France won't event anguish or nervousness. He achieves this through a progression of prides likenesses and strikingly strange representations. Donne is an otherworldly writer who utilizes figurative arrogance in his sonnets by looking at two unbelievably not at all like things, for example, love and manners. Passing is utilized as an allegory in the flight of his better half. In the first place, he thinks about his partition from his significant other to the division of a keeps an eye on soul from his body when he kicks the bucket (first verse). The body speaks to physical love; the spirit speaks to otherworldly or scholarly love. We will compose a custom paper test on A Valediction Forbidding Mourning: Lyric Poem or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page While Donne and his better half are separated, they can't communicate physical love; accordingly, they resemble the body of a dead being.. In any case, Donne says, they stay joined profoundly in light of the fact that their spirits are one. Along these lines, Donne proceeds, he and his significant other should let their physical bond soften when they part (line 5). He follows that illustration with others, saying they ought not cry wistful tear-floods or enjoy murmur storms (line 6) when they state goodbye. Such base wistfulness would ruin their relationship. He likewise analyzes himself and his significant other to heavenly circles, for their affection is significant to the point that it exists in a higher plane than the adoration for married couples whose relationship fixates exclusively on physical joys where they require to stay together, genuinely At last, Donne contrasts his relationship and his better half to that of the two legs of a drawing compass. In spite of the fact that the legs are discrete segments of the compass, they are both piece of a similar article. In the event that the external leg follows a circle, the inward legâ€though its point is fixed at the centerâ€must turn toward the external leg. Along these lines, Donne says, however he and his better half are isolated, similar to the legs of the compass, they stay joined in light of the fact that they are a piece of a similar soul. The initial two quatrains can be misdirecting since they examine the manner in which temperate men kick the bucket. Be that as it may, the passings alluded to are a non-literal component of a comparison and not an exacting reference to the writers demise. Donnes message is Let our splitting from one another be as peaceful and impalpable as the flight of the spirits from the assemblages of the highminded, for whom superb happiness is normal and merited. His preclusion against tear-floods and murmur whirlwinds alludes to Donnes prior sonnet Of Weeping, where we discover Till thy tears blended in with mine do flood/This world. . .. Also, further on Since thou and I moan one anothers breath/Whoer murmurs most, is cruelest, and scurries the others demise. Overstatement was a sign of verse of the dignified love convention. Donne is making jokes about the possibility that one could cry tears adequate to cause a flood or moan so profoundly that the air unsettling influence would cause a tempest or storm. The second quatrains end T’were profanation of our delights/To tell the people our affection ma kes a differentiation between obvious sweethearts who are appointed individuals from a ministry and common darlings who are individuals from the gathering (common people) and not of the pastorate. His term profanation implies giving permission of the contemptible into the sanctuary saved for ministers and priestesses of affection. Sound similarity of short u sounds in each expression of the main line of the forward refrain strengthens the idea of ineptitude (bluntness) of natural sweethearts whose desirous connections rely upon physical sensation. This comes full circle in the splendid play on words on nonattendance, which implies being somewhere else as well as coming up short on the carnal propinquity and consciousness of eyes, lips, and hands referenced in the ensuing quatrain. The affection for the common people is needy upon things, or body parts. Such love is simple, essential, and licentious. However, we by an adoration so much refined,/That ourselves know not what it is,/Inter-guaranteed of the brain/Care less, eyes, lips and hands to miss. The sonnet finishes up with the work of two prides or super-bright representations. The flight of the writer isn't a penetrate or division however an extension, Like gold to breezy slenderness beat. Lastly their conjoined spirits are a couple of compasses. Anne at home is the fixed foot and inclines toward the voyaging foot, steadying it and guaranteeing that it will complete the cycle. (What's more, truly, there is a sexual angle to and becomes erect. ) Donne contrasts the adoration he offers and his better half to a compass. (Verse 7 of the sonnet). Joke of glorified, nostalgic sentimental verse, as in Stanza 2 of the sonnet. Net misrepresentation (metaphor). .. In the 6th verse, Donne starts a Catch 22, taking note of that his and his wifes spirits are one however they be two; hence, their spirits will consistently be together despite the fact that they are separated. Verse 6 likewise presents a likeness, contrasting the development of their spirits with the extension of beaten gold. .. Donne additionally utilizes similar sounding word usage broadly. Following are models: Whilst a portion of their pitiful companions do say (line 3) Dull sublunary darlings love (line 13) (Whose spirit is sense) can't concede (line 14) That our selves know not what it is, (line 18) Our two spirits in this manner, which are one (line 21) Thy soul, the fixed foot, makes no show Thy immovability makes my circle just,/And makes me end where I started (lines 35-36) The rhyme conspire in the sonnet is ABAB. End rhyme happens in the first and third lines of every verse and in the second and fourth lines. The meter is rhyming tetrameter, with eight syllables (four feet) per line. Each foot, or pair of syllables, comprises of an unstressed syllable followed by a focused on syllable. Donne’s interest with circles lays somewhat on the flawlessness of these shapes and incompletely on the close unending affiliations that can be drawn from them. Like other magical artists, Donne utilized arrogances to stretch out analogies and to make topical associations between in any case divergent items. He utilizes the theme of circles to move from a portrayal of the world to a depiction of globes to a depiction of his beloved’s eyes to a depiction of their ideal love. As opposed to just acclaim his adored, the speaker thinks about her to an impeccable shape, the circle, which contains neither corners nor edges. As the speaker cries, each tear contains a little impression of the dearest, one more case in which the circle exhibits the romanticized character and rawness of the individual being tended to. Maybe the most renowned arrogance in the supernatural verse the compass represents the connection between darlings: two separate however joined bodies. The image of the compass is another occurrence of Donne’s utilizing the language of journey and victory to portray connections between and sentiments of those in adoration. Compasses, figuratively, assist sweethearts with remaining connected across physical separations or unlucky deficiencies. In â€Å"A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning,† the speaker thinks about his spirit and the spirit of his cherished to an alleged twin compass. A twin compass has two legs, one that stays fixed and one that moves. In the sonnet, the speaker turns into the mobile leg, while his cherished turns into the fixed leg. As indicated by the sonnet, the jointure among them, and the unfaltering quality of the cherished, permits the speaker to follow an ideal circle while he is separated from her. Despite the fact that the speaker can possibly follow this circle when the two legs of the compass are isolated, the compass can in the long run be shut everything down, the two legs squeezed together once more, after the circle has been followed.

Abstracts 4 Articles Decision Making

Understanding 1. 3 Jackall, R. (1988) Theories of dynamic procedure convey to chiefs numerous fundamental apparatuses, for example, hazard and cost/benefits investigation, and so forth which in tern routinizes organization. These devices can't be utilized fittingly to oversee of endless substances. The utilitarian discernment approach is when exercises absolutely arranged and evaluated to arrive at some objective. This strategy is probably not going to be utilized by top supervisors in light of the fact that another significant variables are included, for example, inner self or individual altitude.If there is no unique method for a specific issue, director should concentrate on the best way to transform a circumstance into the correct route as per desires from their chief. Some administrative individuals can't make their own decisions. Rather, they are turning upward and searching for somebody else’s supposition lastly they depend on it in light of individual feelings of trepi dation or inability. Another case of it is the mid-level dynamic loss of motion in numerous American organizations when a director is attempting to stay away from of settling on a choice. On account of inescapable choice, the person in question would connect whatever number partners as could be expected under the circumstances for self-protection.Many instances of late authoritative and financial issues inside American organizations have indicated the propensity that administrators are arranged to the transient time frame when deciding. This is because of the way that MBA programs give apparatuses which are centers for the most part around a momentary mentality. The subsequent explanation would be that supervisors are feeling the squeeze for yearly, quarterly, month to month and every day results and these components push they out of pondering the future, despite the fact that they understand that today’s minor challenges could be tomorrow’s huge crises.Managers are li kewise mindful of accuse time and when things turn out badly it is important to be shielded from outcomes. This is the motivation behind why they float towards this dread being rebuffed as opposed to reflecting basically. Administration upsets working procedures into parts and the aftereffects of the work in this manner detached with the choices, which had been made. Manager’s efficiency relies upon the situation inside administration circle or their chiefs. There is no codes or frameworks for following individual duties to be established.To be effective chief intends to move rapidly inside the degrees of administrative progressive system. It shields from going into issues too profoundly at each level. Model I labored for a long time as an instrument engineer in the Natural gas industry in Russia. I was included into the dynamic procedure related with arranging assets and accounts for additional tasks and conversations about designing related troubles. Right off the bat, when the inquiry was convoluted and includes budgetary assets, I checked the parameters of gear ordinarily and sent the outcomes to my boss.When I got the affirmation from him, I printed it out and dealt with the essential marks on it. I would not like to be answerable for any bother in light of the fact that my manager needs to complete this sort of obligation. It was critical for me as a lower-level director to have the archive that demonstrates that everything is done in time and affirmed by center level supervisor. If there should arise an occurrence of bothers, for example, the late dispatching period of offices I demonstrated the records that all the means were finished by me on schedule. Understanding 4. 2  Reason, J. (1990)The general view on accident’s causes inside complex mechanical frameworks incorporates hypothetical system which isn't just gives the information on how risky variables could be joined themselves, yet additionally where and how to anticipate these in clinations and take essential measures heretofore. There are numerous components of creation, which are likewise included into mishap causation. Frail elevated level manager’s choices are a significant contributing variable to an expansion in chance, trailed by the absence of line the board, which thusly causes hazardous preconditions and dangerous acts (planned and unintended).The last depend on human’s mental attributes and conditions and are depicted as a blend of both potential perils and blunders, which could cause injury or harm. Similarly, a direction of an open door incorporates every one of these elements in addition to shields and gainful occasions. Each of these has a fateful opening as far as a mishap frequency. Along these lines harm is profoundly conceivable when this direction is crossing all the windows at all the phases of creation. The protected activity control comprises of two highlights †input and response.The hypothesis calls attention to tha t the best way to deal with deal with the security is by mulled over the disappointment types instead of the disappointment tokens. As per Westrum (1988) there are three gatherings of closeouts †forswearing, fix and change. The fruitful association is taken activities in reacting to securely information from the change (base level). The essential appropriation mistake identifies with an individual inadequacy of worker while then again the basic astonishment blunder is the circumstance when individual perception contrasts to a reality.Thus, thought about these terms and experience from the past significant mishaps, for example, Chernobyl, the nature of a breakdown must be viewed as unadulterated specialized as well as socio-specialized. The people’s commitment to mishaps is commanding the machine disappointment hazard. Model I researched numerous genuine mishaps identified with the gaseous petrol transportation process. For example, one crisis stop of the 3. 2-megawatt ga s turbine was brought about by the glitch of a recurrence meter. After an examination of reports I inferred that specialized support of this gadget was directed improperly.A capable laborer neglected to complete one method identified with the metrology precision of this bit of gear. Another model is when different gas turbine was halted by alert during ordinary working cycle. The purpose behind that was spontaneous and awkward overhaul of its programmed control framework (ACS). From my perspective, the advanced innovation is entirely solid and ACS is profoundly faultness yet social factors just as poor dynamic are of the significant explanations behind crisis circumstances. For example, social factors in Russia are incorporated a low compensation and the absence of appropriate instruction. Understanding 6. Sea shore (1993) A clear Image hypothesis centers around people’s singular choices as opposed to gather ones, and it is straightforwardly inverse to prescriptive old style hypothesis of deciding. There are likewise three choice related pictures (structures), which must be controlled by a chief. The worth picture depends on close to home standards, conduct and convictions. These are the hotspot for creating objectives. Accordingly, a definitive standards for this is the point at which the leader believe the qualities to be important. Along these lines potential objectives and activities, on the off chance that they are conflicting with the significant standards, will be refused.The second picture, which is known as the direction picture, incorporates potential objectives, which must be set and the third one, the vital picture, centers around activities and plans that must be performed for accomplishing targets. The significant pieces of the third picture are strategy and conjecture, which would be a pivotal variables for checking an acknowledgment progress of a specific objective. Dynamic procedure comprises of two sorts of choices, for example, recept ion and progress which incorporate the usage of the similarity and benefit tests.The similarity test depends on the two kinds of choices and thinks about contender to three pictures, while interestingly the gainfulness test identifies with the appropriation choice just and utilizations the result in the wake of playing out the similarity test. For example, the similarity test chooses hardly any competitors, who effectively crossed through a choice rules and the benefit test subsequently picks the best applicant from the past arranging. Another significant piece of the Image hypothesis is the way toward surrounding choices which is the activity when the objective is distinguished and the arrangement is alled back in the event that one exists. The information from the functional research recommends that it is impossible that the chief will in general change the determination rules without changes in standards, objectives and plans. Model I was included into the way toward meeting new specialists inside the Natural gas industry. I needed to utilize staff with adequate specialized information and aptitudes since they need to work inside unsafe territories and on conceivably risky gear. As a group head I was planning to discover profoundly qualified specialists with broad experience for a normal measure of salary.After playing out a few gatherings and interviews with potential staff inside this pay class I reasoned that nobody had the option to pass the rules and have hypothetical information and functional accomplishments from past work understanding. As a result of that I chose to change the working pictures by changing the rules. Hence, I concentrated on laborers who have hypothetical information with building thoughts in complex. Despite the fact that they didn't have broad experience, they fulfilled fundamental rules and had the option to perform undertakings inside their job (upkeep and repair).And after this amendment of standards I enrolled staff for my gro up effectively. Understanding 7. 3 Janis (1971) Groupthink is a perspective when individuals carry on with an elevated level of simultaneousness and will in general receive a delicate line of analysis on colleague’s thoughts or even on each basic issue. This is the reason they settle on heartless choices effectively with genuine outcomes, for example, the tremendous number of people’s passings. The more durable the gathering, the more the hazard that the choice will be proposed without the profound examination of other choices.There are eight significant side effects of mindless compliance, for example, resistance, madness, numbness of good standards

Self-Compassion for Social Anxiety Disorder

Self-Compassion for Social Anxiety Disorder Social Anxiety Disorder Coping Print Self-Compassion for Social Anxiety Disorder By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on May 13, 2019 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Getty / Swissmediavision Self-compassion is often lacking when you live with social anxiety disorder (SAD). While others may easily let mistakes that they make go, you are more likely to hold on to those memories and relive them each time you are faced with another social or performance situation. While holding on to critical thoughts about yourself might come naturally for you, there is a better way to manage your thoughts and emotions in these situations. A Definition of Self-Compassion The everyday meaning of self-compassion closely mirrors what it means in psychological terms. A person who shows self-compassion has a tendency to do the following: Be caring toward themselvesHave an accepting view of themselvesBe kind toward themselves in times of distress or failureSee themselves as having similar experiences to those of other peopleView themselves in the present moment rather than the past or futureBe understanding toward themselvesRealize that mistakes can be made by everyone Self-compassion is linked to general satisfaction with life, social connections, and fewer problems with self-criticism, low mood, and anxiety. On  the other hand, if you have social anxiety you might be prone to the following behaviors that are the opposite of behaving in a self-compassionate way: Viewing yourself in a negative wayAlways being critical of yourselfViewing social situations through the lens of your negative perception of yourselfAvoiding situations due to fear of criticism or negative evaluationFearing evaluation and judgment from others In this way, it is  as though you extend that negative, self-critical voice in your head out to everyone around you. What you tell yourself, you also imagine others are thinking about you. From this perspective, it is easy to see why people with social anxiety tend to fear negative evaluation from others. When the voice in your head is always critical, you expect others to be critical as well. Your Self-Compassion With Social Anxiety Disorder Research has indeed shown that self-compassion tends to be lower if you live with SAD, and it also tends to relate to a greater fear of being evaluated. At the same time, the level of ones social anxiety, or severity, tends not to relate to the level of self-compassion. In other words, regardless of whether you have very mild or very severe social anxiety, your level of self-compassion is likely to be the same. Interestingly, it has also been shown among those with social anxiety, that self-compassion tends to decrease with age. The opposite is true for healthy peopleâ€"their self-compassion tends to increase with age. While we know there is a connection between social anxiety and low self-compassion, we dont know for sure if one causes the other, or if there is some third factor involved. What we do know is that increasing self-compassion is a good target for treatment for those with social anxiety. The benefits of being more accepting of yourself, in general, are easy to imagine, regardless of your level of social anxiety. As you become more accepting of yourself, your fear of being evaluated negatively is likely to decline. This is because treating yourself kindly makes you feel safe and connected instead of alone and isolated from others. Indeed, self-compassion has been shown to activate the parasympathetic nervous system and dampen the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for the fight-or-flight reaction that you experience when in social and performance situations. Compassion-Based Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder Compassion-based therapy (CFT) is used among people who live with problems related to shame and self-criticism, which includes those with social anxiety disorder. A systematic review  found evidence of the effectiveness of CFT particularly among people high in self-criticism. What does compassion-based therapy look like? Often, it will be part of a larger therapy package, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), initially proposed by Jon Kabat-Zinn. Learning how to be mindful includes monitoring negative thoughts about yourself, which forms the basis of self-compassion. In general, any type of acceptance-based intervention is likely to involve a component that is aimed at increasing self-compassion. If youre receiving therapy for social anxiety or are planning to talk to your doctor about treatment, mention your interest in mindfulness and acceptance-based interventions such as MBSR or acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Indeed, one study found that a 12-week mindfulness-based intervention for social anxiety disorder that included explicit training in self-compassion improved the severity of social anxiety symptoms and enhanced self-compassion. How to Increase Your Self-Compassion If youre not receiving treatment or would like to improve self-compassion on your own, adopt the principles of compassion-focused therapy in your daily life. The main benefit of self-compassion is that it promotes an inter-connected self. In this way, you view your difficult moments as  part of the greater human experience. Additionally, how you treat others becomes how you also treat yourself. This might include doing things like the following: Improving Your Physical Health. Do things to improve your physical health such as eating healthy food, resting when you are tired, and engaging in daily exercise such as going for a walk.Keeping a Journal. Use a journal to record your thoughts about your day, without blaming yourself for mistakes that happened. Use the journal to be mindful of your thoughts and reactions and to keep a distance from your anxiety so that you are able to view it objectively.Positive Self-Talk. Be encouraging toward yourself with the things that you say inside your head. For example, before a speech or presentation, use a gesture such as a hand on your heart to indicate that you are showing compassion for yourself, or say something to yourself such as May I do well.Engaging  in Mindfulness. Practice mindfulness meditation exercises such as loving-kindness meditation. Learn to become aware of the moment so that you can monitor your own level of self-compassion as you go about your day.Common Humanity. The overall aim of self-compassion therapy is to accept that your experience is universal and not something to feel shame about. Being kind to yourself will allow you to see the bigger pictureâ€"that your mistakes are not as bad as you think and that others are not judging you as much as you believe. A Word From Verywell While self-compassion seems to come naturally for some people, if you live with social anxiety disorder your tendency to treat yourself kindly may be lowered. If youve not yet sought help in the form of diagnosis or treatment for severe social anxiety, that may be the first step toward seeing improvement. While its true that everyone with social anxiety experiences a lack of self-compassion, severe symptoms may make it nearly impossible for you to keep on top of your physical health, record daily thoughts in a journal, talk to yourself in a positive way, be mindful, or see yourself as making the same mistakes that other people make. Once the severity of your anxiety is reduced, you will be better able to work on developing self-compassion and a more positive outlook of yourself.

Schopenhauers Criticism of Kants Analysis of Object Essay

Schopenhauers Criticism of Kants Analysis of Object Schopenhauer makes it clear that he is indebted to Kant for his vision of transcendental idealism, and that his Critique of Pure Reason [2] is a work of genius. However, Schopenhauer argued that Kant made many mistakes when formulating his philosophy, and he set about the task of uncovering them in his Criticism of the Kantian Philosophy, an appendix to be found in The World as Will and Representation [1]. In this essay I wish to analyse the criticism made against Kants determination of an object, since this is an important factor if we are to comprehend how we understand reality. Kants Critique of Pure Reason [2] is notoriously difficult to read and often unclear. Possibly,†¦show more content†¦Only with the concept of the chair does the chair become known. Concepts are essential if we are to perceive the world: in no other way can an object be given to us [2; B33]. Thus, for Kant, intuition and thought complement one another: thoughts without content are empty, intuitions without concepts are blind [2; B75]. The scope of the concept of object goes further than the example I have given immediately suggests: it does not just deal with an object that I perceive at one particular time, but can deal with the object at different times, and at different positions in space. Thus, to take the example of the particular chair I am looking at, the same concept of the chair synthesizes my immediate intuition, along with the chair as it was yesterday when, I recall, it was in another room, and also with any expectation I have of the chair tomorrow. The concept is able to synthesize all of these manifold phenomena across time and space. It picks out those features that make it the same chair; for example, that it is a particular shape and colour, and that it has a particular scratch mark on one of its legs. Bringing Thinking into Perception Schopenhauers first criticism of Kant is that he brings thinking into perception [1; p.439]. As we have seen, for Kant, an object is not perceived meaningfully for what it is, until it is thought. Yet, this seems odd, because it seems to me that I do not haveShow MoreRelated Immanuel Kant’s Metaphysics Essay3676 Words   |  15 PagesImmanuel Kant’s Metaphysics THEME In regard to Metaphysics, Kant’s results were seemingly the opposite to what he strove to achieve, cf. the claim, in his Introduction, that â€Å"In this enquiry . . . I venture to assert that there is not a single metaphysical problem which has not been solved, or for the solution of which the key has not been supplied.† In the summing up of his Prolegomena, he records with evident pride in achievement: â€Å"Anyone who has read through and grasped the principles

Bachelor Business Degree in Management of Information Systems Enter an IT Career in the Business Environment 2019

According to the U.S. Department of Labor, more education leads to more money and lower rates of unemployment for life. A worker who has earned a bachelors degree makes $900 each week, whereas the high school graduate makes only an average of $554 each week. During the 2016 2017 academic year, a total of 307,149 bachelor business degree diplomas were awarded. Many professionals are now opting to return to school to earn a bachelor of science degree in business (BSB) . Schools, such as Kaplan University, offer online bachelor business degrees for those working professionals who wish to advance or further develop their careers. Kaplan students can obtain their bachelor business degree in management of information systems or in one of three alternative specialty areas, including accounting, finance, and business security and assurance. Spotlight on Management of Information Systems at Kaplan University Business students who choose to focus on the management of information systems at Kaplan University learn how to manage systems development and stakeholder expectations. BSB management of information systems students acquire the technical skills essential for developing systems and controlling their life expectancies, and gain an understanding of how software and hardware fit the needs of various users. Kaplan University boasts that graduates of their bachelor business degree in management of information systems go on to attain positions in the IT departments of major companies and government agencies. .u65f1b3ff6c4dc27d486ec639c2202420 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u65f1b3ff6c4dc27d486ec639c2202420:active, .u65f1b3ff6c4dc27d486ec639c2202420:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u65f1b3ff6c4dc27d486ec639c2202420 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u65f1b3ff6c4dc27d486ec639c2202420 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u65f1b3ff6c4dc27d486ec639c2202420 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u65f1b3ff6c4dc27d486ec639c2202420:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Getting Started With a Career in BusinessAlternative Options with a Bachelor of Science in Business One of the reasons for its popularity as a bachelor degree choice is that a Bachelor of Science in Business provides a broad educational foundation for a wide variety of career paths. Students who graduate from an accredited bachelor degree business online program can pursue careers in: Banking. Financial services. Purchasing. Information technology. Marketing. Human Resources. Management and Leadership. In addition to the four specialty areas of its bachelor business degree, Kaplan University offers an Advanced Start Bachelor of Science in Business. This Advanced Start BSB allows students to complete a bachelor of science in business in as little as 12 months. The Bachelor of Science in Business helps students develop critical thinking skills that are essential to making effective decisions in todays business world and provides workers with the technical abilities to succeed in their specialty of choice. For students interested in learning more about their options for earning a bachelor degree in business, College-Pages.com, the education and career resource website, provides and extensive list of schools and available degree programs. .u8fee4e62f051eb416d8505e12b1c6b31 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u8fee4e62f051eb416d8505e12b1c6b31:active, .u8fee4e62f051eb416d8505e12b1c6b31:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u8fee4e62f051eb416d8505e12b1c6b31 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u8fee4e62f051eb416d8505e12b1c6b31 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u8fee4e62f051eb416d8505e12b1c6b31 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u8fee4e62f051eb416d8505e12b1c6b31:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Focused Health Care Planning For StudentsRelated ArticlesBachelor Degree in Business Focus Business Career Options with an Emphasis in FinanceBSB 5 Ways to Earn a Bachelor of Science in Business in as Little as 12 MonthsBachelor Business Management Degree Use a Degree from Kaplan University to Boost a Small Business Start-UpCriminal Justice Bachelor Degree Single Parents in Colorado Find Convenience at Kaplan UniversityRN to Bachelor of Science in Nursing 10 Highest Paying Nursing Specialties in ColoradoBachelor Degree in Business Online Improve Employment Prospects with Formal Training in Business

Role of Value Creation in the Indian Industry Free Essays

string(45) " pharmaceutical healthcare company in India\." Background: The Indian economy is widely believed to have moved into its next phase of sustainable growth rate of 8-10%. The last five years have seen an unprecedented value creation in Indian stock markets. Aim: This study focuses an analytical valuation perspective of various privileged companies in India. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Value Creation in the Indian Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Methods: The data set for the study was collected from the CMIE prowess database.The five industry sectors were chosen for the study. Results: While rapid stock market growth is widely ascribed to a global liquidity glut and re-rating of Indian stocks, our analysis shows that outstanding performance in business fundamentals — sales and profit — growth has been the predominant driver of this spectacular value creation in India. Conclusion: These findings have major implications for any preventative or intervention strategies. INTRODUCTION To create sustainable, long-term shareholder value, it is important to explicitly establish an appropriate shareholder value target.It can be argued that value creation is the ultimate measure of performance for a manager. Companies must establish priorities based on value creation; gearing planning, performance measurement and incentive compensation systems towards shareholder value and communicating with investors in terms of value creation. The ability to manage value is an essential part of developing sound corporate and business strategies–strategies that create value for shareholders. A study by (Richard et al. 2000) observed that companies in today’s superheated economies are in a race to discover the underlying code of value creation. That is they are trying to find out the greatest amount of assets-tangible and intangible-create the greatest amounts of economic value and to avoid those combinations that destroy it. Value creation The term â€Å"value creation’ can be a misnomer, but for procurement professionals it is simple: delivering additional value to the bottom line through new methods. The difficulty only lies in drawing that value out of the plethora of intangible drivers that you have to deal with.Non-financial factors like innovation, people and ideas are difficult to quantify, rarely acknowledged in accounting methods and not adequately measured, managed or reported on by organisations. However, these are some of the critical sources of value that can be utilised by companies to improve their competitive advantage. ANALYTICAL VALUATION PRESPECTIVE: 1. Potential of the Automobile industry The automobile industry in India happens to be the ninth largest in the world. Following Japan, South Korea and Thailand, in 2009, India emerged as the fourth largest exporter of automobiles.Several Indian automobile manufacturers have spread their operations globally as well, asking for more investments in the Indian automobile sector by the MNCs. In 2008, Hyundai Motors alone exported 240,000 cars made in India. Nissan Motors plans to export 250,000 vehicles manufactured in its India plant by 2011. Similar plans are for General Motors. 2. Communication – Value-Added Services Market As per a research conducted by Stanford University, Indian mobile value-added services (MVAS) are expected to reach USD 2. 74 bn by the FY2010.To benefit from the emerging MVAS market in India, Reliance Communications and Bharti Airtel Limited are all set to introduce online cellular phone applications in Indian retail stores. While Bharti Airtel will offer around 1,250 applications, Reliance Communications’ applications will soon be accessible to its GSM customsers by Feb 2010. 3. Success of Indian software companies There are a number of reasons why the software companies in India have been so successful. Besides the Indian software companies, a number of multinational giants have also plunged into the India IT market.India is the hub of cheap and skilled software professionals, which are available in abundance. It helps the software companies to develop cost-effective business solutions for their clients. As a result, Indian software companies can place their products and services in the global market in the most competitive rate. This is the reason why India has been a favorite destination for outsourcing as well. Many multinational IT giants also have their offshore development centers in India. some of the top Indian software companies can be listed as: †¢Tata Consultancy Services †¢Wipro Limited †¢Infosys HCL Technologies †¢Tech Mahindra †¢Patni Computer Systems †¢i-flex Solutions †¢MphasiS †¢LT Infotech †¢IBM India 4. IT Outsourcing in India As per NASSCOM, IT exports in business process outsourcing (BPO) services attained revenues of US$ 48 billion in FY 2008-09 and accounted for more than 77% of the entire software and services income. Over the years India has been the most favorable outsourcing hub for firm on a lookout to offshore their IT operations. The factors behind India being a preferred destination are its reasonably priced labor, favorable business ambiance and availability of expert workforce.Considering its escalating growth, IBM has plans to increase its business process outsourcing (BPO) functions in India besides employing 5,000 workforces to assist its growth. 5. Pharmaceutical Industry Industry Trends †¢The pharma industry generally grows at about 1. 5-1. 6 times the Gross Domestic Product growth †¢Globally, India ranks third in terms of manufacturing pharma products by volume †¢The Indian pharmaceutical industry is expected to grow at a rate of 9. 9 % till 2010 and after that 9. 5 % till 2015 There are several national and international pharmaceutical companies that operate in India.Most of the country’s requirements for pharmaceutical products are met by these companies. Some of them are briefly described below: †¢Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited is the biggest pharmaceutical manufacturing company in India. The company is ranked at the 8th position among the global generic . Ranbaxy Laboratories 2009-2010 Q3 Net Profit Results showed a profit of Rs 116. 6 crore as compared to Rs 394. 5 crore deficit, recorded during the corresponding period last fiscal. †¢Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories manufactures and markets a wide range of pharmaceuticals both in India and abroad.Dr. Reddy’s Q1 FY10 result shows the revenues of the company at Rs. 18,189 million which is up by 21%. †¢Cipla is an Indian pharmaceutical company renowned for the manufacture of low cost anti AIDS drugs. For the financial year 2008-09 the company registered an increase of 22% in sales and other income over the previous year. †¢Nicholas Piramal is the second largest pharmaceutical healthcare company in India. You read "Role of Value Creation in the Indian Industry" in category "Papers" †¢Zydus Cadila also known as Cadila Healthcare is an Indian pharmaceutical company located in Gujarat. The company’s 1QFY2010 results show the net sales at Rs880. cr which is higher than the estimated Rs773cr. The net profit was Rs124. 8cr which was increase of 39%; the increase was on account of higher sales and improvement in the OPM. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The data set for the study was collected from the CMIE prowess database. The following five industry sectors were chosen for the study. * Telecommunication, Information technology, Automobiles, Software, pharmaceutical industries. Besides primary data, the research using secondary data that gathers by internal and external data from the sample of the study.The data also can be obtain from web sites, pamphlets, books, magazines, bulletin, newspaper cutting, published journal, government publication and case study. The data collection and analysis paves way for the recommendation ad conclusion of the study that reveals some important findings regarding the strategy and corporate structure. RESULTS: While rapid stock market growth is widely ascribed to a global liquidity glut and re-rating of Indian stocks, our analysis shows that outstanding performance in business fundamentals — sales and profit — growth has been the predominant driver of this spectacular value creation in India.Automobile industry The figures show that the automobile sector in India has been growing robustly. The market shares of the different types of vehicles will clearly depict the demand pattern in this sector. Domestic Market Share for 2008-09 Passenger Vehicles15. 96% Commercial Vehicles 3. 95% Three Wheelers 3. 6% Two Wheelers 76. 49% Communication industry With the influx of new telecom giants in Indian market, the investments are likely to gain immense momentum: †¢Investment of USD 6 bn by Vodafone Essar for the next 3 fiscal years in order to expand its list of cellular phone subscribers to 100 million against the existing 40 million. By 2010, Reliance Communications (RCom) is expecting to increase the total number of telecom towers by constructing 56,596 telecom towers and attaining the preset target of 100,000. †¢Telenor, Norway based telecom giant has purchased 7% of shares in Unitech Wireless and now possesses 67. 25% by bringing in an investment of USD 431. 70 million †¢Indian government owned telecom player, BSNL will invest USD1. 17 billion in its WiMax scheme †¢A proposal of foreign direct investment worth USD 660. million by Federal Agency for State Property Management of the Russian Federation has been recently approved by the Indian government. The Agency would be acquiring 20% stake in Sistema-Shyam after bringing in the investment. †¢A USD 1 billion investment will be brought in by Tata Teleservices in its newly introduced GSM facility Tata DoCoMo. IT Outsourcing In the next few years, the industry is all set to witness some multi-million dollar agreements namely: †¢A 5 year agreement between HCL Technologies and News Corp for administering its information centers and IT services in UK.As per the industry analysts, the pact is estimated to be in the range of US$ 200-US$ 250 million †¢US$ 50 million agreement between HCL Technologies and Meggitt, UK-based security apparatus manufacturer, for offering engineering facilities. †¢Global giant Walmart has short listed there Indian IT dealers namely Cognizant Technology Solutions, UST Global and Infosys Technologies for a contract worth US$ 600 million. Pharmaceutical Industry India’s Domestic Pharmaceutical Market (12 Months Ended January 2009) CompanySize ($ Billion)Market Share (%)Growth Rate (%)Total Pharma Market6. 9100. 09. 9 Cipla. 365. 313. 4 Ranbaxy. 345. 011. 5 Glaxo Smithkline. 294. 3-1. 2 Piramal Healthcare. 273. 911. 7 Zydus Cadila. 243. 66. 8 Source: ORG IMS CREATION OF STRATEGIES AND ITS PROBLEM a)Successful Value-Creation Strategies Real value creation—and long-term growth and profitability—occurs when companies develop a continuous stream of products and services that offer unique and compelling benefits to a chosen set of customers. This means that to maintain industry leadership, a company must establish a sustainable process of value creation.Some of the major themes that underlie successful value creation strategies in the information economy are: †¢ Product and process innovation †¢ Detailed, real-time understanding of changing needs of well-defined customer segments (frequently database enabled) †¢ Leveraging emerging technologies in existing markets (particularly information technology) †¢ Leveraging technology or regulatory changes to create new markets †¢ Reconfiguring company and industry value chains †¢ Creating win/win partnerships with customers, employees, an d suppliers.Pragmatic Idealism and Value Creation If value-focused behavior is idealistic, then the most pragmatic way to manage a company is with idealism. Such pragmatic idealism rejects the fragmented conception of â€Å"us versus them,† and embraces an integrated, systems view of business that recognizes the interdependence of all players in the value-creation process. Here is a pair of principles for managing with this systems view of business: †¢ Think first about creating the most value, then think about capturing part of that value as profit. Think of the value of a product or service as being what the customer would pay for that product or service if he had perfect information, such as knowledge of the total life-cycle costs and benefits associated with the purchase. In an environment of accelerating change—in which long-term partnerships and joint ventures must be built on mutual trust, in which employees must be committed to provide superior service and drive ongoing innovation, in which customers have access to more and more information—a course of pragmatic idealism and value creation is not only possible, it is increasingly the only viable approach. )Flawed Measures Of Value creation Fortunately, many smart managers take steps to de-emphasize the management roles of accounting measures of performance to keep the focus on value creation. This article first clarifies the problem—the reasons accounting performance measures are often not good indicators of value creation—and then describes four main alternatives managers can use. This low correlation should not come as a surprise. Many things affect accounting profits but not economic values, and vice versa: 1.While value is future-oriented, accounting profit measure s focus on the past. Future revenues, and most future expenses, are not anticipated. 2. Accounting systems are transactions-oriented. Although fair value accounting attempts to capture changes in the value of certain assets recorded on the balance sheet, many changes in value are not captured in profit figures. 3. Accounting profit measures are highly dependent on the choice of measurement method. Multiple measurement methods are often available to account for identical economic events. 4. Accounting measurement rules are conservatively biased. They are slow to recognize gains and revenues but quick to recognize expenses and losses. 5. Accounting rules ignore some economic values and value changes that cannot be measured accurately and objectively with conventional accounting measures. Prime examples are investments designed to create â€Å"intangible† assets. 6. Accounting profit measures ignore the cost of equity capital, which is usually much more significant than the cost of debt capital. 7. Accounting profit measures ignore risk and changes in risk.Companies that have not changed the pattern or timing of their expected future cash flows but have made the cash flows more certain (less risky) have increased their economic value. This value change is not reflected in accounting profits. Approaches for the addressing problem To address the problems that can be caused by using GAAP performance measures, managers can use any or all of four basic alternatives: 1. Market measures. One obvious way to avoid the inherent problems of accounting performance measures is to focus on market indicators of value creation. In the end, market values determine what returns shareholders earn on their investments. Emphasizing these market measures of success in incentive plans has an obvious appeal because executives, and often other employees, benefit only when the shareholders do. But for several important reasons, market measures are not a cure-all. Market valuations might not reflect the company’s true intrinsic value because the market does not have access to all the private information available to managers. 2. Improved, non-GAAP profit measures. Choose â€Å"better† profit measures, many of which use measurement rules that are inconsistent with GAAP. Indeed, many companies, and especially those in service and high-tech industries, are now placing attention, even primary attention, on non- GAAP measures such as free cash flow, EBITDA, economic profit, or various forms of â€Å"pro forma† profit measures that exclude line items that management deems to be unusual, non-recurring or uncontrollable. Some research has focused on whether these non-GAAP measures, provide better indications of value creation than GAAP measures. Studies in broad samples of companies and in specific industries suggest they do. 3. Extensions of the measurement window. In most companies, performance reviews and incentive contracts are based on one-year and shorter measurement periods. But some companies extend the measurement window for some purposes, particularly the awarding of incentives. The most common measurement window for this form of long-term incentive plan is three years, but some companies use periods of up to six years. Long-term incentives have their drawbacks. It is difficult to set properly challenging performance targets for periods covering three to six years into a future that could be significantly affected by many macroeconomic and competitive factors.Profit measured in a three- or five-year period is still far from being perfectly correlated with value changes; one large sample study found the correlation in even a five-year measurement window to be only 0. 57. 4. Combinations of measures. In most settings, the main problems with the profit measures are that they are short-term oriented and backward-looking. A reasonable option, then, is to supplement the profit measures with some other measures that are more long-term oriented and forward-looking.Many of these so-called â€Å"leading indicators† or â€Å"performance drivers† are non-financial measures, such as customer satisfaction, product quality or RD productivity. At the extreme, a company can decide that nonfinancial indicators are virtually all that is important and ignore the accounting measures almost entirely. CONCLUSION The path to value creation requires that economic profits be earned. In order to ensure that economic profits are being earned, the same type of capital budgeting analysis used to evaluate new investments must be applied to the existing assets and operations of the going concern business.This process is vital not only to forming a coherent strategy for the future, but to priori tizing management resources as well. Value creation is a never-ending cycle. It begins with modeling business operations, prioritizing areas for more detailed investigation, identifying opportunities for improvement, implementing the changes required to maximize success and the measurement and revision that starts the process over again and allows management to stay abreast of company and market changes. How to cite Role of Value Creation in the Indian Industry, Papers

Role of Value Creation in the Indian Industry Free Essays

string(45) " pharmaceutical healthcare company in India\." Background: The Indian economy is widely believed to have moved into its next phase of sustainable growth rate of 8-10%. The last five years have seen an unprecedented value creation in Indian stock markets. Aim: This study focuses an analytical valuation perspective of various privileged companies in India. We will write a custom essay sample on Role of Value Creation in the Indian Industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now Methods: The data set for the study was collected from the CMIE prowess database.The five industry sectors were chosen for the study. Results: While rapid stock market growth is widely ascribed to a global liquidity glut and re-rating of Indian stocks, our analysis shows that outstanding performance in business fundamentals — sales and profit — growth has been the predominant driver of this spectacular value creation in India. Conclusion: These findings have major implications for any preventative or intervention strategies. INTRODUCTION To create sustainable, long-term shareholder value, it is important to explicitly establish an appropriate shareholder value target.It can be argued that value creation is the ultimate measure of performance for a manager. Companies must establish priorities based on value creation; gearing planning, performance measurement and incentive compensation systems towards shareholder value and communicating with investors in terms of value creation. The ability to manage value is an essential part of developing sound corporate and business strategies–strategies that create value for shareholders. A study by (Richard et al. 2000) observed that companies in today’s superheated economies are in a race to discover the underlying code of value creation. That is they are trying to find out the greatest amount of assets-tangible and intangible-create the greatest amounts of economic value and to avoid those combinations that destroy it. Value creation The term â€Å"value creation’ can be a misnomer, but for procurement professionals it is simple: delivering additional value to the bottom line through new methods. The difficulty only lies in drawing that value out of the plethora of intangible drivers that you have to deal with.Non-financial factors like innovation, people and ideas are difficult to quantify, rarely acknowledged in accounting methods and not adequately measured, managed or reported on by organisations. However, these are some of the critical sources of value that can be utilised by companies to improve their competitive advantage. ANALYTICAL VALUATION PRESPECTIVE: 1. Potential of the Automobile industry The automobile industry in India happens to be the ninth largest in the world. Following Japan, South Korea and Thailand, in 2009, India emerged as the fourth largest exporter of automobiles.Several Indian automobile manufacturers have spread their operations globally as well, asking for more investments in the Indian automobile sector by the MNCs. In 2008, Hyundai Motors alone exported 240,000 cars made in India. Nissan Motors plans to export 250,000 vehicles manufactured in its India plant by 2011. Similar plans are for General Motors. 2. Communication – Value-Added Services Market As per a research conducted by Stanford University, Indian mobile value-added services (MVAS) are expected to reach USD 2. 74 bn by the FY2010.To benefit from the emerging MVAS market in India, Reliance Communications and Bharti Airtel Limited are all set to introduce online cellular phone applications in Indian retail stores. While Bharti Airtel will offer around 1,250 applications, Reliance Communications’ applications will soon be accessible to its GSM customsers by Feb 2010. 3. Success of Indian software companies There are a number of reasons why the software companies in India have been so successful. Besides the Indian software companies, a number of multinational giants have also plunged into the India IT market.India is the hub of cheap and skilled software professionals, which are available in abundance. It helps the software companies to develop cost-effective business solutions for their clients. As a result, Indian software companies can place their products and services in the global market in the most competitive rate. This is the reason why India has been a favorite destination for outsourcing as well. Many multinational IT giants also have their offshore development centers in India. some of the top Indian software companies can be listed as: †¢Tata Consultancy Services †¢Wipro Limited †¢Infosys HCL Technologies †¢Tech Mahindra †¢Patni Computer Systems †¢i-flex Solutions †¢MphasiS †¢LT Infotech †¢IBM India 4. IT Outsourcing in India As per NASSCOM, IT exports in business process outsourcing (BPO) services attained revenues of US$ 48 billion in FY 2008-09 and accounted for more than 77% of the entire software and services income. Over the years India has been the most favorable outsourcing hub for firm on a lookout to offshore their IT operations. The factors behind India being a preferred destination are its reasonably priced labor, favorable business ambiance and availability of expert workforce.Considering its escalating growth, IBM has plans to increase its business process outsourcing (BPO) functions in India besides employing 5,000 workforces to assist its growth. 5. Pharmaceutical Industry Industry Trends †¢The pharma industry generally grows at about 1. 5-1. 6 times the Gross Domestic Product growth †¢Globally, India ranks third in terms of manufacturing pharma products by volume †¢The Indian pharmaceutical industry is expected to grow at a rate of 9. 9 % till 2010 and after that 9. 5 % till 2015 There are several national and international pharmaceutical companies that operate in India.Most of the country’s requirements for pharmaceutical products are met by these companies. Some of them are briefly described below: †¢Ranbaxy Laboratories Limited is the biggest pharmaceutical manufacturing company in India. The company is ranked at the 8th position among the global generic . Ranbaxy Laboratories 2009-2010 Q3 Net Profit Results showed a profit of Rs 116. 6 crore as compared to Rs 394. 5 crore deficit, recorded during the corresponding period last fiscal. †¢Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories manufactures and markets a wide range of pharmaceuticals both in India and abroad.Dr. Reddy’s Q1 FY10 result shows the revenues of the company at Rs. 18,189 million which is up by 21%. †¢Cipla is an Indian pharmaceutical company renowned for the manufacture of low cost anti AIDS drugs. For the financial year 2008-09 the company registered an increase of 22% in sales and other income over the previous year. †¢Nicholas Piramal is the second largest pharmaceutical healthcare company in India. You read "Role of Value Creation in the Indian Industry" in category "Papers" †¢Zydus Cadila also known as Cadila Healthcare is an Indian pharmaceutical company located in Gujarat. The company’s 1QFY2010 results show the net sales at Rs880. cr which is higher than the estimated Rs773cr. The net profit was Rs124. 8cr which was increase of 39%; the increase was on account of higher sales and improvement in the OPM. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The data set for the study was collected from the CMIE prowess database. The following five industry sectors were chosen for the study. * Telecommunication, Information technology, Automobiles, Software, pharmaceutical industries. Besides primary data, the research using secondary data that gathers by internal and external data from the sample of the study.The data also can be obtain from web sites, pamphlets, books, magazines, bulletin, newspaper cutting, published journal, government publication and case study. The data collection and analysis paves way for the recommendation ad conclusion of the study that reveals some important findings regarding the strategy and corporate structure. RESULTS: While rapid stock market growth is widely ascribed to a global liquidity glut and re-rating of Indian stocks, our analysis shows that outstanding performance in business fundamentals — sales and profit — growth has been the predominant driver of this spectacular value creation in India.Automobile industry The figures show that the automobile sector in India has been growing robustly. The market shares of the different types of vehicles will clearly depict the demand pattern in this sector. Domestic Market Share for 2008-09 Passenger Vehicles15. 96% Commercial Vehicles 3. 95% Three Wheelers 3. 6% Two Wheelers 76. 49% Communication industry With the influx of new telecom giants in Indian market, the investments are likely to gain immense momentum: †¢Investment of USD 6 bn by Vodafone Essar for the next 3 fiscal years in order to expand its list of cellular phone subscribers to 100 million against the existing 40 million. By 2010, Reliance Communications (RCom) is expecting to increase the total number of telecom towers by constructing 56,596 telecom towers and attaining the preset target of 100,000. †¢Telenor, Norway based telecom giant has purchased 7% of shares in Unitech Wireless and now possesses 67. 25% by bringing in an investment of USD 431. 70 million †¢Indian government owned telecom player, BSNL will invest USD1. 17 billion in its WiMax scheme †¢A proposal of foreign direct investment worth USD 660. million by Federal Agency for State Property Management of the Russian Federation has been recently approved by the Indian government. The Agency would be acquiring 20% stake in Sistema-Shyam after bringing in the investment. †¢A USD 1 billion investment will be brought in by Tata Teleservices in its newly introduced GSM facility Tata DoCoMo. IT Outsourcing In the next few years, the industry is all set to witness some multi-million dollar agreements namely: †¢A 5 year agreement between HCL Technologies and News Corp for administering its information centers and IT services in UK.As per the industry analysts, the pact is estimated to be in the range of US$ 200-US$ 250 million †¢US$ 50 million agreement between HCL Technologies and Meggitt, UK-based security apparatus manufacturer, for offering engineering facilities. †¢Global giant Walmart has short listed there Indian IT dealers namely Cognizant Technology Solutions, UST Global and Infosys Technologies for a contract worth US$ 600 million. Pharmaceutical Industry India’s Domestic Pharmaceutical Market (12 Months Ended January 2009) CompanySize ($ Billion)Market Share (%)Growth Rate (%)Total Pharma Market6. 9100. 09. 9 Cipla. 365. 313. 4 Ranbaxy. 345. 011. 5 Glaxo Smithkline. 294. 3-1. 2 Piramal Healthcare. 273. 911. 7 Zydus Cadila. 243. 66. 8 Source: ORG IMS CREATION OF STRATEGIES AND ITS PROBLEM a)Successful Value-Creation Strategies Real value creation—and long-term growth and profitability—occurs when companies develop a continuous stream of products and services that offer unique and compelling benefits to a chosen set of customers. This means that to maintain industry leadership, a company must establish a sustainable process of value creation.Some of the major themes that underlie successful value creation strategies in the information economy are: †¢ Product and process innovation †¢ Detailed, real-time understanding of changing needs of well-defined customer segments (frequently database enabled) †¢ Leveraging emerging technologies in existing markets (particularly information technology) †¢ Leveraging technology or regulatory changes to create new markets †¢ Reconfiguring company and industry value chains †¢ Creating win/win partnerships with customers, employees, an d suppliers.Pragmatic Idealism and Value Creation If value-focused behavior is idealistic, then the most pragmatic way to manage a company is with idealism. Such pragmatic idealism rejects the fragmented conception of â€Å"us versus them,† and embraces an integrated, systems view of business that recognizes the interdependence of all players in the value-creation process. Here is a pair of principles for managing with this systems view of business: †¢ Think first about creating the most value, then think about capturing part of that value as profit. Think of the value of a product or service as being what the customer would pay for that product or service if he had perfect information, such as knowledge of the total life-cycle costs and benefits associated with the purchase. In an environment of accelerating change—in which long-term partnerships and joint ventures must be built on mutual trust, in which employees must be committed to provide superior service and drive ongoing innovation, in which customers have access to more and more information—a course of pragmatic idealism and value creation is not only possible, it is increasingly the only viable approach. )Flawed Measures Of Value creation Fortunately, many smart managers take steps to de-emphasize the management roles of accounting measures of performance to keep the focus on value creation. This article first clarifies the problem—the reasons accounting performance measures are often not good indicators of value creation—and then describes four main alternatives managers can use. This low correlation should not come as a surprise. Many things affect accounting profits but not economic values, and vice versa: 1.While value is future-oriented, accounting profit measure s focus on the past. Future revenues, and most future expenses, are not anticipated. 2. Accounting systems are transactions-oriented. Although fair value accounting attempts to capture changes in the value of certain assets recorded on the balance sheet, many changes in value are not captured in profit figures. 3. Accounting profit measures are highly dependent on the choice of measurement method. Multiple measurement methods are often available to account for identical economic events. 4. Accounting measurement rules are conservatively biased. They are slow to recognize gains and revenues but quick to recognize expenses and losses. 5. Accounting rules ignore some economic values and value changes that cannot be measured accurately and objectively with conventional accounting measures. Prime examples are investments designed to create â€Å"intangible† assets. 6. Accounting profit measures ignore the cost of equity capital, which is usually much more significant than the cost of debt capital. 7. Accounting profit measures ignore risk and changes in risk.Companies that have not changed the pattern or timing of their expected future cash flows but have made the cash flows more certain (less risky) have increased their economic value. This value change is not reflected in accounting profits. Approaches for the addressing problem To address the problems that can be caused by using GAAP performance measures, managers can use any or all of four basic alternatives: 1. Market measures. One obvious way to avoid the inherent problems of accounting performance measures is to focus on market indicators of value creation. In the end, market values determine what returns shareholders earn on their investments. Emphasizing these market measures of success in incentive plans has an obvious appeal because executives, and often other employees, benefit only when the shareholders do. But for several important reasons, market measures are not a cure-all. Market valuations might not reflect the company’s true intrinsic value because the market does not have access to all the private information available to managers. 2. Improved, non-GAAP profit measures. Choose â€Å"better† profit measures, many of which use measurement rules that are inconsistent with GAAP. Indeed, many companies, and especially those in service and high-tech industries, are now placing attention, even primary attention, on non- GAAP measures such as free cash flow, EBITDA, economic profit, or various forms of â€Å"pro forma† profit measures that exclude line items that management deems to be unusual, non-recurring or uncontrollable. Some research has focused on whether these non-GAAP measures, provide better indications of value creation than GAAP measures. Studies in broad samples of companies and in specific industries suggest they do. 3. Extensions of the measurement window. In most companies, performance reviews and incentive contracts are based on one-year and shorter measurement periods. But some companies extend the measurement window for some purposes, particularly the awarding of incentives. The most common measurement window for this form of long-term incentive plan is three years, but some companies use periods of up to six years. Long-term incentives have their drawbacks. It is difficult to set properly challenging performance targets for periods covering three to six years into a future that could be significantly affected by many macroeconomic and competitive factors.Profit measured in a three- or five-year period is still far from being perfectly correlated with value changes; one large sample study found the correlation in even a five-year measurement window to be only 0. 57. 4. Combinations of measures. In most settings, the main problems with the profit measures are that they are short-term oriented and backward-looking. A reasonable option, then, is to supplement the profit measures with some other measures that are more long-term oriented and forward-looking.Many of these so-called â€Å"leading indicators† or â€Å"performance drivers† are non-financial measures, such as customer satisfaction, product quality or RD productivity. At the extreme, a company can decide that nonfinancial indicators are virtually all that is important and ignore the accounting measures almost entirely. CONCLUSION The path to value creation requires that economic profits be earned. In order to ensure that economic profits are being earned, the same type of capital budgeting analysis used to evaluate new investments must be applied to the existing assets and operations of the going concern business.This process is vital not only to forming a coherent strategy for the future, but to priori tizing management resources as well. Value creation is a never-ending cycle. It begins with modeling business operations, prioritizing areas for more detailed investigation, identifying opportunities for improvement, implementing the changes required to maximize success and the measurement and revision that starts the process over again and allows management to stay abreast of company and market changes. How to cite Role of Value Creation in the Indian Industry, Papers

The Difference Between Expository and Technical Writing

The Difference Between Expository and Technical Writing Whether you are astudent or an inspiring writer who wants to make a career in the publishingworld, correct understanding of writing styles is important if you aredetermined to succeed in your creative endeavors. If you are a student, you might be required to write different types of essays. Usually, texts are crafted according to the defined rules of a particular writing style. The professor is your audience and if you are unsure about how a particular type of essay should be written, you can ask your mentor for an advice and get specific instructions. For an author who feels like starting a career in the publishing world, it is also important to distinguish between different writing styles. However, unlike writing during student years, creating an effective text in the working environment requires more adaptability so that a writer can effectively blend different styles according to the demands of the particular audience. In our article, we will define the expository and technical writing styles and uncover the difference between both types. Expository writing   Mostly, this style is used in many academic settings and it is supposed to expose and analyze trends in the text. The facts become less important and only serve the basis for the analysis. Technical writing Technical writing is a fully data-based way of presenting information about a particular subject, which requires instructions and how-to directions. The difference between the expository and technical styles The main difference between the expository and technical writing is that the former is more expressive, creative and, in some way, opinionated while the latter is all about providing data in an impersonal way. Both styles are descriptive and explanatory in their nature and, perhaps, that is why the confusion of these two styles occurs so often. Technical writing is aimed at providing dry facts and informing the reader of how the discussed subject functions without raising any argument. On the other hand, the expository techniques are used to explain a subject to a reader, analyze the issue, summarize what was learned and may include a well-reasoned personal opinion. Both expository and technical writings have different tools and goals but keep in mind that texts written in each of these styles should be objective. We hope that we helped you clarify the difference between the two types of writing so that you could use the discussed styles fully in accordance with the text requirements.

The Season For Divorce Essays - Marriage, Anthropology, Wedding

The Season For Divorce Essays - Marriage, Anthropology, Wedding The Season For Divorce The wedding date is set, the values are made, and the rings are picked out, for celebration that will bring two people together for life. It is a step that two people make and could bring years of happiness or years of sadness. Till death do you part are the last words that are said before the big kiss. The ring of her new name brings a smile to her face. In the story The Season of Divorce, this couple seems to be happy , but in reality, the wife is upset that she has the same routine every day, although another man comes into the picture, her wedding ring and her marital vowl keep her marriage together thought good times and bad. The story suggest the power of commetment is stronger than momentary confusion about marrage.

Education Vocabulary for English Learners

Education Vocabulary for English Learners Learn English vocabulary related to education to use when discussing various subjects at university. Words are categorized into different sections. Youll find example sentences for each word to help provide context for learning.   Subjects Archaeology - Archaeology explores humanities past civilizations.Art - Art can refer to painting or to to arts in general such as music, dancing, etc.Business studies - Many students choose business studies in these times of globalization.Dance - Dance is an elegant art form which uses the body as a brush.Drama - Good drama can move you to tears, as well as hold you in suspense.Economics - The study of economics might be useful for a business degree.Geography - If you study geography, youll know which country is located on any continent.Geology - Id love to know more about geology. Ive always wondered about rocks.history - Some believe that history is much older than we are led to believe.home economics - Home economics will teach you how to run an efficient home on a budget.Foreign (modern) languages - Its important to learn at least one foreign language in your life.Math - Ive always found simple math easy.Mathematics - The study of higher mathematics is required for a computer pro gramming degree. Music - Understanding the biography of great composers is an important part of studying music.Physical education - Children up to the age 16 should be encouraged to participate in physical education classes.Psychology - The study of psychology will help you understand how the mind words.Religious education - Religious education will teach you about the wide variety of religious experiences.Science - Science is an important part of a well-rounded education.Biology - Biology will help you learn how human beings are put together.Chemistry - Chemistry will help you understand how earths elements affect each other.Botany - The study of botany leads to an understanding of different types of plants.Physics - Physics explains how the real world functions.Sociology - If you are interested in understanding different cultures, take a sociology class.Technology - Technology is found in almost every classroom of a typical school. Exams Cheat- Dont ever cheat on a test. Its not worth it!Examine - Its important to examine all the evidence when drawing a conclusion.Examiner - The examiner makes sure nobody at the test cheats.Examination - The examination should last three hours.Fail - Im afraid I might fail the test!Get through - Peter got through to the fourth grade.Pass - Dont worry. Im sure youll pass the test.Take / sit an exam - I had to sit a long exam last week.Retake - Some professors allow students to retake tests if theyve done poorly.Revise for - Its a good idea to revise for any test you take by reviewing your notes.Study for - I need to study for a quiz tomorrow morning.Test - What time is your mathematics test today? Qualifications Certificate - He earned a certificate in computer maintenance.Degree - I have a degree from the Eastman School of Music.BA - (Bachelor of Arts)  She earned her BA from Reed College in Portland, Oregon.MA - (Master of Arts) Peter wants to take an MA in business.B.Sc. - (Bachelor of Science) Jennifer is working on a B.Sc. with a major in biology.M.Sc. - (Bachelor of Science) If you earn a M.Sc. from Stanford, you wont need to worry about getting a job.Ph.D. - (Doctorate Degree) Some people take years to finish a Ph.D.Diploma - You can earn a diploma to add to your qualifications.   People Dean - Alan is the dean of faculty at that school.Graduate - Hes a graduate of the local university.Head-teacher - You should speak to the head teacher.Infant - Some parents put their infants in day-care.Lecturer - The lecturer in law was very boring today.Pupil - Good pupils dont cheat on tests.Student - A good student takes notes during a lecture.Teacher - The teacher will answer any questions you have.Instructor - Hes an instructor of computer science at the high school.Undergraduate - The undergraduate had a great time at college.

Business Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business Ethics - Research Paper Example In order to gets acceptance from the government as well as the bodies controlling policies and laws, organizations have to accept and follow certain rules and regulations and maintain certain standards in the work process. A collaborative study of these regulations, laws and issues can be termed as business ethics. Ethics is always concerned with the moral judgment of business. Every business or organization expects to be in the good books of the government as well as regulatory bodies. Decisions in an organization are taken by higher management but these decisions are always influenced by the culture of the company as well as the external environment in which the company operates. Involving in ethical process might seem difficult and lead to cutting down of short-term profits, but it is very essential for a successful and sustainable long term growth of the organization (Chang, 2011). Companies can significantly benefit from positive corporate social responsibility and ethical behav ior; Customers are attracted to the products and services of the firm, thus, profits and sales get a boost. Employee perception towards the organization becomes positive and loyalty increases. Thus, there is a decrease in labor turnover and overall increase in productivity. As a result of the positive perception growing popularity of the organization, skilled talents are attracted and recruitment costs are reduced significantly. The share price of the company increases and investors are constantly attracted and business is always in growth phase. TOYOTA COMPANY Toyota is one of the largest automaker in the world, headquartered at Toyota, Japan. In terms of revenue, Toyota is the eleventh largest corporation worldwide. The company was founded in 1927 and deals with the manufacturing and production of commercial vehicles, automobiles, engines and motorcycles (Toyota, 2013a). Apart from global leadership in vehicle manufacturing, the company is known for its participation in ecological campaigns and sustainable environment issues. The company believes in theory and practice of sustainable development. Toyota practices total quality management in all its operations. The objectives are to least impact the environment. For creating a sustainable environment, the company has established a plantation programes (Toyota, 2013e). Apart from this, the company is involved in many ecological campaigns and environmental management programes. The organization has been awarded with various awards such as Green Awards (Toyota, 2013d). ETHICS AT TOYOTA Toyota is one of the well recognized conglomerates worldwide. It is imperative that the organization maintains a record of all its transactions and business acts. In this regards, proper maintenance of ethical behavior in the organization is critically important. Quality and ethics are the benchmark for the sustainability of the organization as well as growth and development of the supply chain and other important department of To yota (Toyota, 2013b). Both play a crucial role in the strategic plan of the company. Since it is a vehicle manufacturing company, safety of the consumers will be the top-most priority while designing and manufacturing products. On a broader term, the business ethics for the company can be applied in three major areas; designing and man

Debate and team paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Debate and team paper - Essay Example This grows the country’s economy significantly. This paper will review some of the advantages of tourism on both the political and economic front. The political situation in the Philippines is questionable at the moment. However, the government supports tourism since they benefit from all the foreign capital that flows into the country (Lumang, 2008). Some of the political class that supports tourism offer the tourists with accommodation during their stay. It is tantamount that the political class be involved. This is because they offer comfort to all those that wish to travel to the Philippines for holiday, and business. There are establishments run by politicians which offer tourists with the best services, hence providing them with a chance to host more tourists in a year. Another advantage that comes with tourism for the political front is the laws that are in place that promote tourism as an investment. There are laws still being passed in parliament for there to be tourist zones. This means that politicians will push for the building of restaurants, resorts, and hotels to benefit the tourists. The proposed laws also offer incentives to potential investors since they offer the exemption of duties placed on some goods and services (Lumang, 2008). Investors may want to bring their capital to the Philippines since it is profitable. Tourism is raking in billions of dollars into the country. In the near future, it is evident tourism will be responsible for the direct employment of more than four million Filipinos in the country (Lumang, 2008). The Philippines is marketing itself as the preferred destination for all foreign nationals. If people are willing to invest in the country, it is only a matter of time before the country realizes some of its most desired dreams. As many people are retiring to the Philippines, it is offering a new variety of amenities for them.

Challenges Facing Health Care Providers and Health Insurance

Challenges Facing Health Care Providers and Health Insurance Topic: challenges facing Health care providers while dealing with Health insurances: a case study of a private hospital in Nairobi Kenya Introduction Define health financing (who,2000)world health report ‘ A health system is the sum total of all the organizations, ititutions and resources whoseprimary intent is to promote, restore or maintain health (WHO, 2000).Effectiveness, efficiency andequity of health financing system is determined by interaction of the three health financing functions namely collection of revenues, the pooling of pre-paid revenues and purchasing.Purchasig means the process by which interventions are selected and services are paid for or providers are paid. Healthcare providers are part of health system and re key component of health system strengthening and they play a significant role in determining whether the goals of a health system can be achieved.It is important that the buyers of services align provider payment methods with organizationalarrangements for service providers and other incentives for efficient service provision In Kenya most of the private health insurances operate on a purchaser provider split model with the insurances being directly responsible for entering into purchase agreements with providers and reimbursing them. Most of the provider payment is fee for service with a few health management organizations trying out the capitation mode of payment on outpatient services.Before the claims are approved for payments they have to undergo through the schemes claims process for eligibility purposes. According to S. Sodzi-Tetteyet al (2012) the purchasing function of health financing has been beset with problems of delay in provider payments. A study by Ministry of Health, Ghana, (2009) showed that in 2008 health facilities nationwide were owed a total of USD 32.6M most of it in unpaid claims while health providers themselves reported a 2-6 month delaying having their bills settled. Health insurance schemes are being used as an alternatives funding for health sector (Baltussen et al 2000).Insurance authorities are established to secure improvements in the health of the population by assessing health needs of the population ,determining the most cost effective mean of meeting these needs and contracting with providers to supply the required services. They are different types of health insurance models and one of them is the purchaser /provider splint models .they are many advantages to this arrangement according to ZurnAdams (2004) among them compiling of services providers to offer quality care however this model can also lead to major problems which according to Sakyi et al (2012)could be enormous among them being late reimbursement thus increasing the financial volatility of health providers which may in turn affect service delivery due to lack of finances to buy drugs ,to improve health facilities, to pay health workers to buy commodities among other things .witterGarshong ,(2009) says that providers who depend heavily on subsidies from the insurances could offer poor quality care when they are under billed or a large portion of their claims are rejected. The study will explore the challenges experienced by health care providers dealing with private health insurances especially the claim processing. Problem statements Health providers are offering health services to health insurances clients yet the insurances are not honoring their pledges to pay. There so many rejected bills after clients are discharged; many providers have unsettled bills by the patients because after services were offered the insurances give decline letters or covered bills up to a certain limit. A lot of time and money ,human resource is used in reconciliation of the accounts and in most cases the claims are not paid and as sakyi et al (2012) says this increases financial volatility of the health care providers which may in turn affect service delivery due to lack of finances to buy commodities and pay workers.witter Garshong (2009)continue to say that providers wo depend heavily on subsidies form the insurances could offer poor quality care when they are under billed or a large portion of their claims are rejected. . Research Objectives The study seeks to explore the challenges facing healthcare providers while dealing health insurance companies. The specific objectives of the study will be: To establish the administrative challenges facing health providers in executing operational guidance of health insurances. To establish the challenges healthproviders face from the health insurance during service delivery to their clients. To establish the challenges health providers face from the health insurance after the delivery of service to their client To come up with recommendation’s that would be used by the health providers and health insurance to ensure a workable purchaser –provider splint system Research Questions The study will answer the following research questions: What are the administrative challenges facing health providers in executing operational guidance of health insurances(admission process, scheduled cases ,emergency cases ) What are challenges health providers face during service delivery to health insurance clients(declines,exclusion ,limited covers ,clients not knowing their limits ) What are the challenges health providers face from the health insurance after the delivery of service to their clients.(rejections of claims ,late reimbursements What are the political challenges facing healthcare financing towards universal coverage by NHIF? What are the recommendation’s to health providers and health insurance to ensure a workable purchaser –provider splint system Theoretical framework Health insurance theory Utility theory Behavioral model of utilization Event model of studying health services utilization med care 1998. Conceptual framework Dependent variable- Challenges faced by health providers Independent variable- Operational guidelines (preauthorization process-preadmission process). service provision(admission post service provision (claim and reimbursement process) Significance of the Study Health providers are key in health system strengthening and key stakeholders in attainment of universal health coverage (delloitte ,2012)hence the importance to find out ways of ensuring both the private and public insurance work harmoniously with providers. Help policy makers in making decision like proper ttraining their enrolessabout their benefits ,providers to hve mechanism to carry out operational guidelines, Policy makers need access to knowledge on purchaser –provider splint system dynamics and the appropriate responses. Therefore, the study provides guidance and recommendations instrumental in designing appropriate policies that regulate the healthcare sector and what need to be done to ensure workable /effective and efficient system. The study will also be a reference material to the healthcare insurance firms, healthcare providers/institutions and other stakeholders. Relevant data that could allow for recommendations that could be implemented to strengthen the role of private health insurance players or providers or to strengthen provider and purchaser reltionship Methodology of the Study It will be an exploratory study .Qualitative andquantitative approaches will be used for primary datacollection using interview guides and checklists. References WHO,the world Health report 2000:Health systemsimproving performance ,Geneva ,World Health Organisation,2000

Job-hopping †Is It Good or Bad?

It is barely get to hear of a person who started their career with an organization many years back, dedicated his entire career with the organization and finally retired from the same organization. As it is said, nothing last forever; same is in the case with job these days. Jobs today do not last unlike previous generations. In the past few years, job-hopping has become so widespread across the industries that even a four years stint in the same organization is considered to be a stable job. Three jobs in less than a year, no longer raised eyebrows and gaps mouths. Job-hopping, in fact, has become a new mantra for success. People no longer believe in sticking to one job and waiting for that golden leap to come. So, what’s the job-hopping is? In simple terms it is the practice of changing jobs frequently, especially as a means of quick financial gain or career advancement. Basically, there are two kinds of job-hopping – random job-hopping which is moving every time you get a better job offer (the typical quick financial gain job-hopping) and strategic job-hopping which is taking a new job because it enhances and helps build your career. Key reasons for job-hopping Welcome to the world of job-hoppers. It’s an employee-driven economy. With more opportunities and avenues round the corner organization are really at the mercy of the employees. Some of the common reasons for hoping jobs as quoted by job-hoppers include dissatisfaction with the job, lack of challenging work, stagnation or less pay, Poor Human resource policy of the corporate, miss handling of the employees, corporate vision and mission not colliding with the employee's persona, too much control applied on the employees, privileges are being delivered on the basis longevity of the employees with the corporate, the eye-popping fat salaries and many more. These appear to be the main reasons for their resignations. Job-hopping also acts as a shortcut to success. Employees make their way to higher levels in the management hierarchy as each job change brings with it a hike in pay and position. Moreover, sticking to the same organization from which you started off your career is passe now. It is believed that those who hang on to the same job are taken for granted and declared not competent enough to move ahead in their career. Job-hopping: How It Effect Your Career Success Is job-hopping and career success related to each other? What is the effect of one on the other? Job-hopping affects career success in a negative way. By hopping jobs frequently, you are sending negative signals to your potential employer. Too often, job-hopping employees learn nothing substantial. Companies like to invest on those job seekers who align their career goals with the corporate goals. The reason is simple. They are able to contribute better in the company and if they are constantly moving from one job to another, they send a signal of non commitment. It gives a pessimistic image in the mind of the employer. Grass is not always green on the other side No doubt job-hopping has become the latest trend today, or a shortcut to success; one cannot jump from one job to another as and when it strikes one’s imagination. Moreover, though two or more jobs on a resume no longer are an employment risk, too many jobs in less than two years time portray one as a chronic job-hopper. A series of rapid, random and pointless moves will show up as annoyances on the resume. Employers view such contenders as dysfunctional – lacking in loyalty, trust and self-motivation. Quick moves from one job to other raise big questions for prospective employers as to one's staying power and ability to withstand challenges, as well as accept accountability. Employer may feel that you are not committed to a particular organization. The future employers, who are probably looking for a long term employee, might not be impressed with the job-hopping tendencies. They might perceive that one has become a job-hopper may be because of inability to get along with colleagues or employers. It does not even leave substantial time to acquire sufficient experience and hands-on skills. What’s more is that after innumerable hops, one may find himself at the same place where he first started. The downside of job-hopping Many job-hoppers think that jumping from one job to another in rapid succession is a sure way to reach the top. However, they have to encounter the hidden consequences. In unstable industries like hi- tech, advertising and television, job-hopping is the norm. In these industries, workers find out later that a resume with short period is a turn-off to employers. They may suspect a job-hopper of being unable to get along with the co-workers. Moreover, the job-hopper is also taking on a new boss who may turn out to be a tough leader. Studies indicate that employees often wrongly believe that they will get promotions if they switch organizations. However, the job-hoppers have to overcome obstacles like a clearly hostile boss, demotion or a significant decrease in pay etc. HR experts suggest that not to run out the first chance you get. A little patience can go a long way. Though job-hopping is a negative signal to prospective employers, but depending on the reasons it can also be a positive. Mick Hager, a leading HR expert explains the reasons why job-hopping is a bad thing as quoted in the website – www. greenbaypressgazette. com. These include:- * You’ll never have the chance to lay down roots, establish a strong reputation and be viewed as an asset to the company. Job-hoppers miss the opportunities given to the solid, loyal, staying- put performers. * Job-hoppers are huge expenses for employers. It takes an employee at least six months to go from being a liability to contributing to the bottom line. That is why employers hate dealing with job-hoppers, they cost too much. Job-hopping sends the message that you are not dependable, suggesting that you lack loyalty and commitment. Please don’t tell me the woeful tale of how companies aren’t loyal to employees these days – companies are loyal to the dependable, productive ones. * Job-hopping suggests incompetence, if you’re so good- why you leave? * Job-hopping takes a mental toll. At some point you need stability in your life to maintain balance. * Your next boss could be worse! * It suggests you are irresponsible or cannot maintain relationships * It indicates that you lack resolve and the ability to stick-to-it. Employees promote those they trust; trust is earned over time. * It is just plain stupid! In today’s new environment, how short is too small to stay at a job? The answer varies among industries and professions. Earlier two to three years used to raise a red flag. Today, depending on the industry, it is 1 to1. 15 years. But what employers are really looking at, did the person complete the project or commitment that he made? B Lynn Ware, an employee retention expert with the Integral Ta lent Systems suggest the job-hoppers â€Å"You’re really looking at a very limited window of productivity. Let’s say someone stays with an organization for 2. 5 years. It takes them the first year and a half to really get up to speed. Then they spend their last three t six months looking for the next thing. That leaves about a half year of real productivity†. Look beyond the fat pay offer to avoid another hop in a short time and perhaps less pleasant circumstances. Learning Relevant Skills and Knowledge Matters People who are in the new workforce and have been job-hopping quite a bit, it is advisable to find out what you want. If you able to recognize it, then find a organization that is willing to train or how they are willing to commit to their employees career in the long term. Instead of job-hopping frequently for career growth, make learning the relevant skills and knowledge in that industry one’s key objective for a successful career. The skills and knowledge that one learns in the process will contribute to career success in the long term. If job-hoppers realize the benefit of committing to a company who is willing to train them for more than two years, hopefully they won’t be job-hopping often anymore. Are job-hoppers are listening!